Mould Health Guide
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. FACTS
ABOUT MOLDS
* What are molds?
Forms and Appearance
Habitat
Dispersal
Indoor Mold
Outdoor Mold
High Outdoor Humidity
Road Dust as Source of Airborne Allergens
Mold and Moisture
Impacts of Molds at Home
* Mold Exposure
Pathways of Exposure
Exposure during Clean-up
Mold Exposure Mechanisms
* Mold Cases and Litigations
Mold Litigation
Mold Cases
The IBM Case
The Ballard Case
Denver International Airport
Nicholson v. Metro Property Management, Inc.
Mold Claims
Mold Health Claims
Mold Insurance
Personal Injury and Property Damages
Proactive Steps
* Mold-Related Illnesses and Disorders
Risk Individuals
Health Conditions
Common Signs and Symptoms
Hazardous Mold Species
Aspergillus and Aspergilliosis
Aspergilliosis
Stachybotrys chartarum
* Antifungal Agents
Amphotericin B, nystatin
Precautions
Side Effects
Fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole
Precautions
Side Effects
Naftifine, terbinafine
Precautions
Side Effects
Flucytosine
Precautions
Miscellaneous Antifungals
Chapter 2. MOST-COMMON MOLD-RELATED ILLNESSES
* Allergy
Allergy Signs and Symptoms
More Allergy Symptoms
Allergy Causes
Allergy Treatment and Management
Allergy Desensitization (Immunotherapy)
Allergic Rhinitis
Risk Factors
Comorbidities of Allergic Rhinitis
Causes
Rhinitis Allergens
Cockroach allergen
Molds or Fungi
Signs and Symptoms
Patterns of Symptom Production
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
Diseases Confused with Allergic Rhinitis
Nonallergic Rhinitis
Polyps
Vasomotor Rhinitis
Infectious Rhinitis
Occupational Rhinitis
Foreign Body Rhinitis
Hormonal Rhinitis
Drug-induced Rhinitis
Rhinitis Medicamentosa
Food-Related Rhinitis
Other Rhinitis-like Conditions
Chronic Infectious Rhinosinusitis
Sinusitis
Treatment and Management of Allergic Rhinitis
Avoidance
Antihistamines
Intranasal Antihistamines
Decongestants
Cromolyn sodium
Intranasal corticosteroids
Oral corticosteroids
Saline (salt water) nose drops
Immunotherapy
Environmental Control
* Asthma
Mold and Asthma
* Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP)
Differential Diagnosis
HP Symptoms
Acute HP
Chronic HP
Forms of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Immediate Hypersensitivity
Generalized Mold Hypersensitivity State
HP Management and Treatment
Medications
* Infections
Difference between Infection and Disease
Types of Infections
Diagnosing Infections
Infections or Mycoses
* Mold Infection Therapies
* Irritation
* Mycotoxins
Superficial Mycoses
Cutaneous Mycoses (Skin Infections)
Subcutaneous Mycoses
Systemic Mycoses
Opportunistic Mycoses
* Allergic Fungal Sinusitis (AFS)
Fungal Sinusitis Symtpoms
Types of Fungal Sinusitis
Medical History and Diagnosis
Allergic Mucin
Chapter
3. BACTERIA and FUNGI INDOOR and OUTDOOR
* Outdoor Bacteria and Fungi
* Indoor Bacteria and Fungi
* Bacteria and Fungi Common on Building Materials
* Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds
* Bacteria and Fungi Metabolites
* Toxic Effects of Bacteria and Fungi
Carcinogenesis
Dermal Toxicity
Immunotoxicity
Mucous Membrane Irritation and Inflammation
Neurotoxic Effects
Sensory Irritation
Respiratory Effects
Lower Respiratory Tract Effects
Upper Respiratory Tract Effects
Respiratory Infections
Immune-Compromised Persons
Pulmonary Hemorrhage or Hemosiderosis
* Respiratory Tract Disorders
Airflow Obstruction
Alveolar macrophages
Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP)
Inhalation Fever
Mucus Membrane Irritation Syndrome (MMI)
Sinusitis
* Other Health Related Complaints and Disorders
Rheumatologic and Other Immune Diseases
* Fungal Diseases Treatment
Chapter 4. FUNGALBIONICS
* Medical Applications
* Food Processing Applications
* Fungal Metabolites
* Mycotoxins
Chapter
5. MOLD CLEANUP AND INSPECTION
* Mold Cleanup
Wet Vacuum
Damp Wipe
HEPA Vacuum
Disposal of Damaged Materials
Bleach
Biocides
* Mold Inspection
* Efflorescence
* Hidden Mold
* What to Look Out for
* Where to Look
* With or Without Water Damage
* Effects of Cleaning and Ventilation
* Mold Control
Chapter
6. MOLD MEASURING AND SAMPLING
* Sampling for Mold
Types of Samples
Air Samples
Bulk Sample
Surface Sample
Non-Viable Sampling
Viable Mold Sampling
When to Test
Mold Sampling Areas
Clearance Sampling
Diagnostic Aid
Pending/Anticipating Litigation
Assessing Microorganisms
Signs and Measurements of Dampness, Moisture or Mold
Chapter 7. MOLD PREVENTION and REMEDIATION
* Mold Prevention
* Mold Remediation
Skin and Eye Protection
Respiratory Protection
Protective Clothing
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Remediation Equipment
Relocating Occupants
Finished Remediation/Clean Up?
* Tasks Involved In Remediation
Take Emergency Actions to Stop Water Intrusion If Needed
Identify the Vulnerable Populations
Collect Histories of Building and Occupants
Determine Extent and Location of Fungal Contamination
Identify Moisture Dynamic
Plan Remediation Activities
Establish Appropriate Containment and Worker and Occupant Protection
Eliminate or Limit Moisture Sources and Dry the Materials
Decontaminate or Remove Damaged Materials as Appropriate
Evaluate Whether the Space Has Been Successfully Remediated
Reassemble the Space and Controlling Sources of Moisture and Nutrients
* References
